Aston Martin is revolutionising its interior design approach with a focus on simplicity and ease of use, aiming to minimise the “piss-off factor” for its discerning clientele. What does the “piss-off factor” mean? It basically means that don’t do something if it irritates people. This innovative metric evaluates the frustration level associated with interior controls, ensuring that every button, switch, or touchscreen feature is intuitive and readily accessible.
In contrast to the trend of touchscreen-heavy cabins adopted by some automakers, Aston Martin remains committed to physical controls that offer tangible feedback and immediate functionality. Design Director Miles Nurnberger emphasised the importance of prioritising customer experience, citing examples where touchscreen-based settings proved cumbersome and unsafe for on-the-fly adjustments.
The new Vantage epitomises Aston Martin’s design philosophy, blending a touchscreen interface with a plethora of physical buttons, switches, and knobs. Despite considering touchscreen integration for certain functions, Aston Martin heeded customer feedback regarding the need for instant access to essential controls like seat adjustments, volume, and HVAC (heating, ventilation and air-conditioning) settings.
Prior to this, we got to see the exterior of the smart #1 in the metal. However, the interior had not been revealed yet due to it undergoing “updates and modifications” for it to be ‘locally friendly’.
Scandinavia, where Volvo originated from and still has its home, has longer periods of darkness than other parts of the planet. As such, Scandinavians tend to have a love for sunshine and also try to create environments which are bright (but in a tasteful way) in their design language.
Now Volvo is also bring sunlight into the car in a way that will enhance the feeling of wellbeing when travelling. Particularly in the winter darkness, the cabin becomes a welcome space to enter with a hint of sunshine becoming a ritual to start the day like each sunrise.
At Auto Shanghai next month, the new Porsche Cayenne will have its world premiere and as is the practice these days, some of the highlights are revealed in advance. For the new generation of the successful SUV model, Porsche will have a completely new dashboard concept which is referred to as the Porsche Driver Experience, not just for the driver but also the front passenger.
Described as ‘a groundbreaking display and control concept’, the Porsche Driver Experience has a fully digital display, versatile individualisation and intuitive operation. While there is still a driver-centric approach – as would be expected of a sports SUV – the front passenger also gets more opportunity to interact with the vehicle.
In the early years of the automobile, just maintaining control of the car was the most important thing for the driver to do. Knowing how the engine was running and the speed were secondary. Over time, meters and warning lights were added to provide the driver with information that could help him drive better or alert him of problems. The increasing number of meters to display led to the creation of the instrument panel as an integral part of the dashboard, with the area in front of the driver being referred to as the ‘cockpit’, a term taken from aircraft.
In the past couple of decades, the instrument panel has evolved from having mechanical devices to digital graphic displays which allow more information to be shown by having changeable displays. Some information (eg energy flows in a hybrid powertrain) is also shown on the panel in the middle of the dashboard.
Looking at the instruments while driving means the eyes move down and the driver may not be watching the road ahead momentarily, which can be dangerous. One approach to helping the driver keep eyes ahead all the time was to take an idea from fighter aircraft – the Head-Up Display (HUD). This is a display projected on the windscreen ahead of the driver with information such as speed and other warnings.
We can give up waiting for the ‘Malaysian Flying Car’ which received RM20 million of government funding and after being developed under great secrecy, it was to have been launched at the end of 2019. However, that never happened and even when there was a demonstration scheduled, the Civil Aviation Authority Malaysia (CAAM) did not allow the flight. Anyway, we won’t see what the RM20 million of taxpayers’ money produced, and the minister who promoted the project is also no longer talking about it.
But in other countries, vehicles which can travel on the road and also take off into the air have been making much progress – and their developments are not Top Secrets either. Such vehicles are seen as alternatives for short-haul travel and even Air Asia is looking at offering them as a ‘flying taxi’ service.
Integrating automotive capabilities
There are many companies already having prototypes and one of them is Supernal, which has just revealed its initial eVTOL (Vertical Take Off and Landing) vehicle cabin concept at the Farnborough International Airshow in England this week. The concept provides the first look at how Hyundai Motor Group (HMG) is integrating automotive capabilities for use in the Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) market.
Supernal is developing a family of electric air vehicles to connect more people to more places. Through a network of connected ground hubs called ‘vertiports’, passengers will board eVTOLs and be flown to their next destination.
Supernal partnered HMG’s design studios to create the cabin concept as the company works to certify its eVTOL vehicle for commercial use in the USA starting in 2028, and in the EU and the UK shortly after. Beyond the vehicle, Supernal is collaborating with external partners and the Group’s more than 50 affiliates – which span automobiles, automotive parts, construction, robotics and autonomous driving – to responsibly co-create the expansive AAM value chain.
Scaling up for commercialisation
“In order for Advanced Air Mobility to become a wide-spread mode of transportation, every detail – from the passenger experience to regulations and infrastructure – needs to be addressed from the start and work in lockstep with one another,” said Jaiwon Shin, President of Hyundai Motor Group and CEO of Supernal. “Leveraging Hyundai Motor Group’s mobility capabilities, Supernal is investing time and resources upfront to ensure the industry can scale to the masses in the coming decades and reach its exciting potential.”
Using automotive design
Supernal’s 5-seat cabin concept provides clues to how the company is harnessing automotive design processes and materials. At the same time, the vehicle must meet commercial aviation’s highest safety standards. The design embodies biomimicry philosophy – a butterfly in this case – and the company’s pillars of safety above all, human-centered design and environmental responsibility.
“Supernal is partnering with Hyundai Motor Group’s top automotive designers to develop our eVTOL vehicle for manufacturability and widespread public acceptance,” Shin added. “We are taking the time to create a safe, lightweight commercial eVTOL that provides our future passengers with the security and comfort they find in their own cars.”
The team of engineers and designers are utilizing the automotive industry’s reductive design approach to create the lightweight interior cabin, which is made of forged carbonfibre. Ergonomically contoured seats offer a cocoon-like environment for passengers. Deployable seat consoles mimic automobile centre consoles and provide a charging station and stowage compartment for personal items.
Automotive designers in the Hyundai Motor Group are providing their expertise in the development of the Supernal eVTOL’s cabin.
Grab handles built into the cabin doors and seatbacks assist with ingress and egress. A combination of lighting – including overhead lights inspired by automobile sunroofs – adjusts with the various stages of flight to emulate a ‘light therapy’ effect. Finally, the cabin layout draws on automotive space innovation with a minimized bulkhead, which allows for generous headroom and package functionalities.
With sustainability as a priority, the cabin concept incorporates materials such as advanced recyclable carbonfibre reinforced thermoplastic, durable plant-based leather, recycled plastic fabric and responsibly sourced woods. The seat frame also utilizes excess raw material from the airframe manufacturing process.
“The Supernal eVTOL vehicle draws on the competence of the Hyundai Motor Group and the skillset of experienced automotive designers, which allowed us to develop a new air mobility concept that is not only safe and rational but also highly emotional,” said Luc Donckerwolke, Chief Creative Officer of the Hyundai Motor Group.
Air Mobility beyond urban markets
HMG is leveraging its expansive mobility and mobility-enabling capabilities to develop a family of electric air vehicles, as well as the surrounding value chain. Complementing the Supernal battery-powered eVTOL vehicle designed for intra-city passenger journeys starting in 2028, the group’s Korea-based division has been focussing on Regional Air Mobility. For this, it is developing a hydrogen-powered midsized vehicle for regional – city-to-city – cargo and passenger journeys. The division plans to launch service of its hydrogen vehicle in the 2030s.
Supernal and the division are partnering with HMG’s manufacturing innovation teams across the globe to create a robust high-rate, high-quality AAM manufacturing process that will produce electric air vehicles at scale – at an increasingly affordable price-point – over the coming decades.
Audi calls it ‘the private jet for the road’, offering the sort of suite you would find in First Class in an Airbus A380. Called the grandsphere, it’s the second of three ‘sphere’ concept cars from the brand, following the skysphere concept unveiled last month in California. The shared root word ‘sphere’ in their names emphasizes all three designs’ focus on the new interior concept and the holistic digital ecosystem for a new world of experience on board.
Prioritising the cabin in design
In fact, the drive system and the handling are no longer at the top of the design specifications in this future generation of cars. Instead, the starting point is the interior, the occupants’ living and experience sphere while traveling. Their needs and desires shape the space, the architecture, and the functions.
With that reassessment, the design process itself changes. At the beginning of all discussions, the focus is directed toward the interior and its design. Only after that do the Audi designers conceive the package, exterior lines, and proportions that shape the car into a total work of art, along with the technological premises.
Preview of a future luxury model
The grandsphere concept is presented as a luxury car of the future and Audi confirms that the technologies and design features in it will appear within a few years in future models. Among the technologies will be Level 4 autonomy, which means the car will be able to operate on its own without human control. Audi is working with CARIAD, the Volkswagen Group’s software think-tank, toward introducing that technology in the second half of the decade.
Having autonomous capability for the car allows the interior space of the traditional driver-oriented cockpit and passenger seats to be changed into a spacious lounge as soon as the steering wheel and pedals are reduced. At the same time, it opens up new levels of freedom in interaction, whether they want to communicate, work or just be on their own. Audi believes this transforms a traditional automobile into an ‘experience device’.
Thanks to Audi’s own services and the ability to integrate digital services, the possibilities are nearly endless. These can be used to access a variety of service options related to the current trip – such as designing a spectacular scenic route, as well as restaurant or hotel options. The vehicle also takes care of everyday tasks that go beyond the journey itself. For example, the grandsphere concept can pick up its passengers with information about their current destination and independently handle parking and charging.
The doors of the grandsphere concept are reversed so front and back touch and there is no B-pillar in the middle. Even before arriving at the car, the passengers are provided with a pathway identification that opens the doors and welcomes them with individually staged displays and ambient light. The driver and passenger positions are automatically detected and an array of personal comfort features – such as the climate control settings and the seats – are adjusted for the individual seats.
At the same time, the infotainment system accesses the passengers’ most recently used services and seamlessly resumes them inside the car. For instance, a video that a passenger was streaming on a tablet is automatically played back over the display surface. On the driver’s side, the projection surface automatically picks up on displaying the news the occupant was reading before getting in.
Unique space for four
The open, broad interior supports the impression of a unique space and the lack of a steering wheel, pedals, or conventional dashboard create a feeling of openness and breadth. The lines on the decorative surfaces and functional elements are emphatically horizontal. The large glass surfaces, expansive windscreen and transparent ceiling also emphasize the open feeling, along with the specific geometry of the side windows where the widest part is just slightly above eye level. It is a trick that Audi demonstrated for the first time in 2017 with its AI:CON concept car.
The 2+2 interior appears particularly wide when the two individual front seats are pushed all the way back. An upholstered, 2-person bench with an armrest that goes around the side is integrated as a seating option in the back, while both front seats are designed for first class comfort and space.
Outlets for air that is filtered and temperature controlled – even scented, if desired – as well as speakers that are inaudible to other passengers and allow for a private aural zone are all integrated. Between the front seats – normally concealed under metallic trim – there is a compact, onboard cooler with two glasses and a designed, elegant bottle for soft drinks.
No screens, no displays unless wanted
One surprise when looking around in the ‘reduced-design’ interior is the absence of instruments nor black screens for virtual display concepts are visible before activating the driving functions. This is a contrast to many visions of future vehicles which have screens to provide information and entertainment. However, the displays are still present; with the touch of a fingertip, they appear in the form of projections on the wooden surfaces under the windscreen.
Interior
Alternatively, the projection surfaces can also be used – in automated driving mode – as CinemaScope screens for infotainment content or even as screens for video conferences. In addition, a sensor bar is integrated under the projection surfaces for quick switching between content such as music or navigation.
Control panels are also integrated into the armrests on the doors. That way, the car always offers passengers invisible touch surfaces using an optic indicator to show their position. At the same time, there are VR glasses in the armrests on the left and right doors that can be used in conjunction with infotainment options.
Dynamic monolith
At 5.35 metres long, 2 metres wide, and 1.39 metres high, the grandsphere concept’s measurements are comparable to Audi’s flagship A8. However, it has a longer wheelbase of 3.19 metres, which is even longer than the extended version of the current A8. Its form is nothing like a traditional sedan, but rather more like 4-door GT born in the wind tunnel.
In the front end, there is an innovative interpretation of the Singleframe that defines Audi’s look. Shaped like a flat hexagon, the interior surfaces, behind a transparent covering, are indirectly lit from above while driving to give a distinctive, extremely 3-dimensionally structured visual effect.
The headlight units on the upper side of the Singleframe look narrow, like focused eyes. The lighting units reference the four rings brand logo: they enlarge and isolate the intersection of two rings into a pupil – a new, unmistakable digital light signature. This means that the size of the light areas can be adjusted according to their function as daytime running lights or as dynamically staged blinkers, depending on the traffic situation.
Drive system with quattro, of course
The technology platform of the grandsphere is what is known as the Premium Platform Electric, or PPE. It has been conceived exclusively for battery-powered electric drive systems, with the key element being a battery module between the axles that holds around 120 kWh of energy. A flat battery layout is possible with the entire base between the axles.
Being an Audi, the grandsphere would also have a quattro drive system, in this case a fully electric one. This is achieved by having separate electric motors mounted on the front and rear axles that use electronic coordination to deliver all-wheel drive on demand. The 2 motors in the concept car are capable of delivering a total output of 530 kW/960 Nm, taking the car from standstill to 100 km/h in a claimed 4+ seconds.
Fast charging, high range
Like other carmakers, Audi is also working hard on the issue of recharging since this is something that cannot be long for electric cars to be accepted. In the case of the grandsphere concept, there is 800V charging technology and the battery can be charged with up to 270 kW in a very short time at fast-charging stations. The time taken will be close to that of a car with a combustion engine pumping in liquid fuel. A 10-minute charging period would be enough to power the car for more than 300 kms, it is claimed, with a maximum range of more than 750 kms with a fully-charged battery pack.
With the digitization of car interiors and the continuing addition of more and more electronic systems, the way a driver interacts with the systems and operates or adjusts them has been changing. For decades, mechanical systems used mechanically-actuated knobs and levers or pushbutton and rocker switches and generations of drivers have used them.
No more knobs and levers
With the new generation of cars, those knobs and switches have been disappearing, typically replaced by icons on touchscreens. No longer does a driver have to turn a knob to make the temperature higher or lower – it can be done by touching a display screen, just like on a smartphone. Or physical interaction might not even be necessary as many cars now have intelligent voice command systems.
The dashboard in today’s Nissan Ariya has digital and graphic displays with touchscreens, a big difference from the one in the Nissan Grand Livina of 2011 which had knobs, levers and rotary dials (below).
When developing the latest Nissan Ariya all-electric crossover, its designers and engineers didn’t just consider the ergonomics involved in reaching toward the dashboard. They were determined to create a new look and feel for controls that drivers generally take for granted. This required a rethink of cabin space, touch and positioning.
Controls beneath the surfaces
Taking advantage of an all-electric powertrain layout, the Ariya’s interior was crafted to be open, and spacious, a cabin with a sense of calm and serenity. Part of that design is a dashboard free of traditional buttons. The wood-grained trim bisecting the dashboard comes to life upon starting the Ariya, illuminating a set of environmental controls that reside just beneath the dashboard’s surface.
Haptic feedback, like a smartphone
Utilizing a new generation of haptic feedback controls, these subtly integrated buttons open a world of possibilities in the relationship between function and design. In the same way that we interact with a smartphone display to navigate and engage with apps, haptic feedback buttons in the Ariya react to touch, communicating through fingertip vibrations. When adjusting the Ariya’s climate controls and drive modes, for example, the driver will interact with a familiar set of icons. Yet, because the points of interaction are felt and heard, they can remain focused on the road.
The design team’s decision to integrate haptic feedback into the Ariya follows the car’s underlying design concept of ‘Timeless Japanese Futurism’, which takes a distinctive Japanese approach to design, conveying a simple yet powerfully modern impression.
“We created a clean space by blending the haptic controls with the grain of the interior’s woodgrain finish. We did this in a way that didn’t affect the performance of the controls, allowing us to achieve both functionality and an attractive appearance,” said a Senior Designer at Nissan, Hideki Tago.
“By applying a woodgrain pattern to the plastic panels with a hydro-printing process, we gave them a very realistic wood-like feeling. At the same time, this allowed transparent icons to come to life when illuminated,” he explained.
Integrating technology into design
With the Ariya design team’s final goal laid out, it was the engineering team’s responsibility to make this sci-fi concept a reality. The process began with an exhaustive breakdown of the technology itself. Haptic feedback buttons are grouped into two specific areas in the Ariya — on the main dashboard and on the adjustable centre armrest. The goal was to not only integrate the technology into the cabin design as a means of wowing passengers, but also to give the technology a natural and responsive feel for a wide variety of drivers.
Following extensive testing, the team settled on electrostatic buttons that are not only bigger than traditional haptic controls, but also more broadly spaced. This allows for a realistic and intuitive feeling for users, and also generates a kind of air pressure ‘kick’. This amplifies the tactile feedback with the click sensation of a traditional mechanical button, despite no traditional physical button being involved.
Then came the fine-tuning of the vibrations and sounds. That’s right — sounds. “Vibration and sound are inseparable,” explained Tomotaka Igarashi, the engineer in charge of the Ariya’s interior HMI (Human-Machine Interface) development. “It may seem obvious, but this challenged our team to develop a unique sound that would match the expectations of the driver while also designing it to be as pleasant as possible.”
Such attention to detail in an all-electric crossover is a necessity as the minimal sound emitted by the electric powertrain means that the sounds developed by the team will be clearly heard while driving. The development of the haptic controls required that every possible scenario be tested repeatedly to ensure easy use for a wide range of drivers, especially since the Ariya will sell in different regions of the world. That meant extensive testing by people with different size fingers and fingernail lengths, and with different button-pressure strengths and engagement angles. Gloved hands were also tested to ensure button activation.
Audi has created three new concept cars to show how the brand will design its future luxury cars. The concept cars have a lot of focus on interior design which has been planned for Level 4 autonomous driving which will have much reduced driver involvement.
The three concept cars are called Skysphere, Grandsphere and Urbansphere. The shared root word ‘sphere’ in their names emphasizes all three designs’ focus on the new interior concept and the holistic digital ecosystem for a new world of experience on board.
With the transition to electromobility and, in a few years, to automated driving, this aspect of the car will change more dramatically than it has at any time in recent decades. And with the interior and the spatial architecture, a new overall car concept will also emerge in which the inner space becomes the core of new vehicle design. A digital ecosystem will also make personalized services possible beyond the car.
Each of the vehicles interprets this paradigm shift in design differently – created with resolute dynamism, distinction, or even long-distance travel in mind. In each case, the passengers’ needs and quality of experience are at the very top of the priority list. To achieve this, technological innovations and the highest quality materials and workmanship envelop the passengers in all areas.
Level 4 autonomy means that they can enjoy the freedom to drive themselves or – if possible – to simply disconnect from traffic and let the car drive itself. When autonomous mode is in use, the interior then changes its functionality. It becomes a free space for relaxing, networking, or even actively communicating.
“These concept vehicles embody our brand strategy. They show how we imagine the near future of premium mobility,” said Henrik Wenders, Head of the Audi brand. For him, the future is a design space to offer people new experiences during their journey. Audi is calling these newly designed car interiors – referred to as spheres – that envelope the passengers.
The first two concept cars will make their appearance during August. The Skysphere will be unveiled at Audi’s new design centre in California and also shown at the Monterey Car Week. A few weeks later, the second concept car, the Grandsphere, will be presented at the 2021 IAA Mobility show in Munich. In the first half of 2022, the Urbansphere will follow as the third concept car.
Unlike ‘vision cars’ like the Audi AI:CON or AI:ME, these three showcars are not trying to look into the distant future. Instead, they are presenting lines, technologies, and spaces for experience that are likely to be seen in some production models from the mid-2020s.
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Regardless of whether we continue to be in control driving cars or a computer does the driving, the interior of a car will remain an important aspect of car design. In fact, as autonomous motoring grows, the driver may spend less time at the steering wheel and more time with the other occupants. In this case, the cabin layout may have to change to be more suitable.
The Renndienst study
At Porsche’s Weissach Development Centre in Germany, designing interiors is just as important as exteriors and for interiors, the User Experience (UX) is a vital part of the brand experience. In the book Porsche Unseen, the sportscar manufacturer recently published fifteen previously secret design studies. Among them is the Renndienst study. The 6-person van concept is reminiscent of the Volkswagen racing service van that once served the factory racing team as a service vehicle. On the outside, it’s futuristic and edgeless but on the inside, it’s a modular travel cabin.
For the Renndienst study, the designers at Style Porsche journeyed far into the future of mobility. They considered design visions for the day after tomorrow in order to derive steps for tomorrow. They asked themselves how far they can expand Porsche’s design language and to which products it could be applied.
“We thought about how we could still give a distinctly Porsche flair to a passenger compartment that is so far removed from the classic sports-car interior. And how autonomous driving could be designed, but we don’t assume that our customers want to give up using a steering wheel,” chief designer Michael Mauer explained. “In order to be able to think freely about the future, boundaries must be crossed when carrying out these ‘finger exercises’. This is how the central driver position of the Renndienst came about.”
“When I want to drive, I have more cockpit feeling than in any other car. And when I don’t, the driver’s seat can be rotated 180 degrees—with one swivel, it turns to face the other passengers. We worked on materializing these basic ideas for about a year,” he elaborated further on the study.
Looking at next overall innovation
The overall UX, when it comes to interior design, is dedicated to the digital lifestyle and the relationship between driver, passengers, and vehicle. “In the Taycan, we have shown how much we think ahead,” said Ivo van Hulten, Director of UX Design. “So we were looking at a possible next overall innovation. For this, we thought and worked from the inside out.”
The side windows are designed asymmetrically. “One side is closed; passengers can retreat there,” explained Markus Auerbach, Head of Interior Design. “The other side enjoys a large window bank for an unobstructed view outside. When we close the doors, the interior feels like a protective capsule.”
A feeling of security and comfort dominates the modular interior. The passengers in the first row sit offset to the right and left in ergonomically shaped bucket seats. They can enjoy an unobstructed view of the road ahead and of their own dashboard screens. The rear seat headrests are installed in a floating position, which allows a clear view through the rear window. The luxury of adaptable space is made possible by the powertrain which is fully electric and hidden in the underbody.
UX as a success factor
The customers of the future will be the smartphone generation. “In the past, the hunger for something new was satisfied with the purchase of the product. Today, many young people are no longer just fascinated by the aesthetics of a product, but by the opportunities it offers them,” said van Hulten.
The aesthetics of the interior therefore depend on many more factors than just shapes and materials. “The questions are: Is the interior modular enough to adapt to changing circumstances even a few years after purchase? Will I be able to run updates remotely and around the clock?” Van Hulten is confident of finding answers in the form of a new aesthetic.
“A digital journey can open a gateway to a universe for us, but it can never replace the physical experience. A car is a space that moves whether I’m driving it myself or not. The seats in this van have been designed for movement; they hold and support the body,” added Auerbach.
“The bench seat allows a different sitting angle due to its curved sides—we can turn towards each other. It is a particularly communicative area that invites relaxation, offering alternative seating positions for talking, working, and relaxing,” he explained.
The visions on which the specialist departments work together are complex because they design spaces where people sit. “Cars with an unsatisfactory interior do not survive for long – because no emotional connection can be built with them,” Auerbach noted.
Inspired by ‘Knight Rider’
In the next step, van Hulten wants the Renndienst to gain a soul. He remembers the American TV series Knight Rider, which he enjoyed watching as a child. “K.I.T.T., the talking car, fascinated me. The strong team of the protagonist and his vehicle really captured my imagination. I connected with the car because it had a soul,” he said.
Referring to the study, he asks the question: “What kind of daily interactions do we plan – in 30 years, will we call our car and then it will come around and pick us up?” From this grand vision of the day after tomorrow, the design team is now moving backwards in time to get the specific answer for tomorrow.
The materials of the future under consideration include renewable resources such as wood, reinterpreted and combined with metals or sustainable plastics. Wood was once banished from vehicles but could soon make a comeback. Auerbach also relies on what are known as ‘smart materials’ which can do something special—for example, such materials can respond to external factors and light up without being directly illuminated. Or materials that repeatedly change their shapes to perfectly fit the ergonomics of the occupants.
The designers constantly keep their minds fresh with the ‘first principle thinking’ method. In doing so, they move away from familiar analogies and break hypotheses down into their smallest components. They focus not on familiar forms but on functions that might be of interest in the future. They ask themselves what a Porsche could be—and what it could not be. This process provides answers to questions that no one has asked before.
Vaccination does not make you immune to COVID-19 infection. You can still get infected and you may not show symptoms but carry and spread the coronavirus. Do not stop taking protective measures such as wearing a facemask, washing hands frequently and social distancing.
