Electrification Archives

‘The Boss’ gets electrified with the new BMW X5 xDrive45e M Sport

Following on from the launch of the G05 BMW X5 a year ago, BMW Malaysia has now added an electrified variant – the X5 xDrive45e M Sport – to the range. Excluding insurance premium and with the 10% Sales Tax exemption as the model is assembled locally in Kedah, the retail price is RM440,745.

The bestselling model of BMW’s SAV (Sport Activity Vehicle) range worldwide, the X5 has accounted for more than 25% of the X range sold in Malaysia with over 3,000 units delivered. The latest electrified variant has the same larger proportions of the current generation which is the fourth X5 since the model line was launched in 1999.

Additionally, it has slim Adaptive LED headlights with BMW Selective Beam and front LED foglights and the M Sport package. This package includes 20-inch M light alloy wheels in Star Spoke style 740 M Bicolour, along with the signature M Sport brake.

Powering the X5 xDrive45e M Sport is a 3-litre 6-cylinder engine with BMW eDrive technology. With a combined maximum output of 394 bhp/ 600 Nm, the new SAV is claimed to have a top speed of 235 km/h and a 0 to 100 km/h capability of 5.6 seconds.

Running with just the electric motor, the claimed range can be up to 77 kms on a fully charged lithium-ion battery pack, with a top speed of 135 km/h. With the hybrid powertrain optimising fuel efficiency, the fuel consumption is said to be up to 40 kms/litre.

All X5s have all-wheel drive (except for one variant specifically for the US market) which is provided by BMW’s proven xDrive system. Power delivery first goes through a revised 8-speed Steptronic transmission with enhanced shift dynamics and then to all four wheels with torque distribution according to grip and surface conditions. The X5 xDrive45e M Sport is now also equipped with the 2-axle air suspension on the front and rear axles, maximising its dynamic ability and comfort.

Inside the SAV
The highlight of the X5 xDrive45e M Sport is the BMW Live Cockpit Professional with Gesture Control and Intelligent Personal Assistant. This infotainment system combines a 12.3-inch Fully Digital Instrument Display with an equally large touchscreen Control Display. Rear passengers have the Rear Seat Entertainment Professional with a 10.2-inch touchscreen monitor.

The cockpit has Vernasca leather upholstery and like other M Sport versions, comes with the M leather-wrapped steering wheel (with electric adjustment) and Sport front seats. 4-zone automatic air conditioning distributes cool air throughout the cabin efficiently while the 464W 16-speaker Harman Kardon Surround Sound audio system provides superior sound reproduction.

Depending on how much cargo has to be carried on board, the capacity of the boot can be varied from 500 litres with all seats in use to 1,720 litres at maximum. Automatic operation of the split tailgate with contactless opening and closing functions makes loading easier. The top section can be opened electrically, while the bottom section is released manually.

Advanced driver aids
Next-level driving assistance is offered via the BMW Personal CoPilot. This includes the Lane Departure Warning and Lane Changing Warning. The system also features the Frontal Collision Warning with braking intervention, Rear Crossing Traffic Warning, Rear Collision Prevention as well as information on speed limits.

Additionally, the new SAV is equipped with the intelligent Parking Assistant Plus with Surround View Camera, along with the Reversing Assistant. This makes manoeuvring in and out of a parking spot and also reversing in tight spaces much easier and safer. The Reversing Assistant can also assist to reverse out from a parking spot or tight spaces by taking over the steering.

Colour offerings for this new variant include Phytonic Blue, Black Sapphire, Mineral White and Artic Grey. They are complemented with interior upholstery of Leather ‘Vernasca’ design perforations in black and a fine-wood trim ‘Fineline Stripe’ with brown high-gloss.

2020 BMW X5 xDrive45e M Sport — *The X5 xDrive45e M Sport with additional M Performance Genuine Parts and Accessories*

As an added option, the exterior appearance can be enhanced with BMW M Performance Genuine Parts and Accessories. The items available include a front air inlet, exterior mirror cap, front and rear winglets, and rear diffuser in carbonfibre. Side decals and side skirt films in Frozen Black are also available, as well as wheels in Star Spoke Jet Black Matte.

Buying the new X5
With the Balloon Financing Plan from BMW Group Financial Services Malaysia, the X5 xDrive45e M Sport can be owned with a monthly instalment plan starting from RM5,028.00 (based on estimates of an 80% loan on a 5-year tenure).

Every X5 owner will receive the complete BMW Group Malaysia Premium Ownership experience which includes a 5-Year Unlimited Mileage Warranty with Free Scheduled Service Programme, 8-Year/160,000-km Battery Warranty (whichever comes first), 2-Year/24 Month Tyre Warranty Programme (for Run Flat Tyres), BMW Roadside Assistance and Accident Support, BMW Group Loyalty+ Mobile App – BMW White Card, and BMW Service Online.

The X5 xDrive45e M Sport will be in showrooms of all authorised BMW dealerships nationwide from June 20, 2020. Alternatively, from the comfort of the home, interested customers can visit BMW Shop Online for information and to make a booking.

BMW Group Malaysia extends BMW and MINI PHEV battery pack warranties

Ford Fiesta gets hybrid powertrain for the first time

Henry Ford II didn’t like the Ford Fiesta when he was first told about the project to develop a supermini in the early 1970s. Apart from a company view (in Dearborn at least) that small cars were not cost-effective, the grandson of the company’s founder grumbled that ‘I would have to sell millions of these little cars to make a decent profit’. He favoured the large cars still loved by Americans then as they provided good margins.

But the Fiesta was a Ford of Europe proposal and that regional subsidiary was doing pretty well with a popular range. What they needed was an entry-level model that could compete against the Italian and French superminis. In the end, Ford allowed the project to go ahead and the first Fiesta was launched in 1976.

1976 Ford Fiesta — *First generation of the Fiesta*

The Fiesta was a very successful model for Ford in Europe but in spite of its compact size, it was not sold in the Far East. Its cost base was European so it cost more than Japanese rivals, and Ford instead teamed up with Mazda to offer a badge-engineered range of sedans and hatchbacks (the Laser and Telstar) which could be more competitively priced than models from Europe.

It wasn’t until the sixth generation that the Fiesta became a global model as then-CEO Alan Mulally pushed his ‘One Ford’ strategy of having more products with shared engineering and parts to cut costs. It was produced in regions outside Europe, with Thailand being a hub for ASEAN markets. By the end of the 2000s, it was even made and sold in the US market.

The model is currently in its seventh generation but a change in strategies by a new top management team at Ford has seen diminished interest in competing in Asian markets (apart from China) with passenger cars and the focus is on pick-up trucks.

After 44 years of having been powered by only internal combustion engines, the Fiesta is now electrified as well. As a supermini, fuel efficiency has always been high for the model but Ford, like other carmakers wanting to sell in Europe, has to go in the direction of electrification of its models and this week, the company has announced the first ever Fiesta Hybrid.

The carmaker’s best-selling model in Europe gets a 48-volt mild hybrid powertrain which complements EcoBoost Technology to give more powerful and responsive performance with better fuel efficiency claimed to be up to 18.3 kms/litre. The 1.0-litre EcoBoost engine also has cylinder deactivation to further save fuel.

“Adding EcoBoost Hybrid technology to Fiesta’s best-in-class driving dynamics means customers can have even more power and still go further on a tank of fuel,” said Roelant de Waard, Vice-President, Marketing, Sales & Service, Ford of Europe. “The Fiesta EcoBoost Hybrid will help Ford bring the benefits of electrification to more drivers than ever before.”

Available in 125 ps and 155 ps power outputs, Fiesta EcoBoost Hybrid models feature a belt-driven integrated starter/generator (BISG) in place of the standard alternator, enabling recovery and storage of energy usually lost during braking and coasting to charge a 48V lithium-ion air-cooled battery pack.

The BISG also acts as a motor, integrating with the engine and using the stored energy to provide torque assistance during normal driving and acceleration, as well as running the vehicle’s electrical ancillaries.

The intelligent, self-regulating mild-hybrid system continuously monitors how the powertrain is being used to determine when and how intensively to charge the battery for optimal benefit, and when to utilize the stored battery charge.

Torque substitution, which deploys the electric motor functionality of the BISG to provide up to 24 Nm of torque – reducing the amount of work required from the petrol engine and contributing to lowering carbon dioxide emissions and enhancing fuel efficiency.

Torque supplementation can also deploy the electric motor functionality of the BISG to increase the peak torque available from the powertrain by up to 20 Nm above the level available from the petrol engine alone. This means up to 240 Nm for the 155 ps powertrain and up to 50% more torque at lower rpm.

The BISG also has enabled Ford engineers to lower the 1.0-litre EcoBoost engine’s compression ratio and add a larger turbocharger for more power, by mitigating turbo lag using torque supplementation that also rotates the engine faster for maintained turbocharger boost response.

“With electrification fast becoming the mainstream, we are substantially increasing the number of electrified models and powertrain options for our customers to choose from to suit their needs,” said Stuart Rowley, President, Ford of Europe. “By making it easier than ever to seamlessly shift into an electrified vehicle, we expect the majority of our passenger vehicle sales to be electrified by the end of 2022.”

To know more about Ford models available in Malaysia, visit www.sdacford.com.my.

Ford’s smart technology can sanitize police vehicles within 15 minutes

30 years ago, Mercedes-Benz already had a practical EV based on the 190 model

For the past few years, Mercedes-Benz has begun its transition towards electrifications, creating the EQ range for a new line of electric vehicles (EVs). While R&D relating to EVs has accelerated in the past 10 years, the carmaker was already exploring electric propulsion 30 years ago.

In May 1990, it exhibited a 190 (W 201) model that had been converted to electric drive in the innovation market section at the Hanover Fair. “In this way, the Mercedes 190, which in terms of length and weight comes closest to the requirements of an electric vehicle, is an ideal battery test vehicle. The main objective is to assess the functional suitability of all the components in realistic situations with all the vibrations, accelerations and temperature fluctuations experienced in everyday operation,” explained the brochure issued at the time.

A mobile laboratory
The company made a fleet of electric 190s which were used to test different drive configurations and battery systems. The energy storage devices tested were mainly sodium-nickel chloride or sodium-sulphur high-energy batteries which had a significantly higher energy density than conventional classic lead-acid batteries. However, the working temperature of both systems was around 300 degrees C. which wasn’t so good.

The following year, Mercedes-Benz displayed a more advanced car at the Geneva Motor Show. This prototype with electric drive had an individual 16 kw/22 hp electric motor to drive each wheel. Total power output was 32 kW/44 hp and the energy came from a sodium-nickel chloride battery. Regenerative braking – a feature in many of today’s EVs and hybrids – returned energy to the power pack during braking actions.

A particular advantage of the concept was the elimination of weight-intensive mechanical components, so the additional weight compared to a production model with a combustion engine was only 200 kgs. It was still a substantial amount of extra weight, largely due to the battery pack.

From 1992 onwards, there was a large-scale field trial which ran for 4 years, funded by the German government. The aim of the exercise was to test EVs and energy systems, including batteries, in everyday practice. A total of 60 passenger cars and vans from several brands were involved.

100,000 kms in 1 year
The pioneering 190s were driven by various participants in the trials and these included taxi drivers who used them in daily life. There were hardly any problems and one of the Mercedes prototypes achieved a peak usage rate of around 100,000 kms in 1 year.

The results provided the engineers with new insights into battery service life, the number of possible discharge and charge cycles, range, energy consumption and reliability. In the following years Mercedes-Benz would apply the electric drive concept to other passenger models.

Mercedes-Benz EQC — *The first fully-electric Mercedes-Benz production model – the EQC. Its powertrain (below) was developed with the data gained from R&D activities since 1990.*

All the knowledge gained by the R&D teams in the 1990s contributed to the comprehensive knowledge pool of vehicle development on which engineers draw in developing today’s vehicles. In fact, some of the engineers who worked on the electric W 201 prototypes are still active in the company’s EV development and are involved in the latest projects.

Mercedes-Benz EQ Range unveiled in Malaysia

General Motors and Honda to jointly develop two all-new electric vehicles

General Motors and Honda have agreed to jointly develop two all-new electric vehicles for Honda, based on GM’s highly flexible global EV platform powered by proprietary Ultium batteries. The EVs will be manufactured at GM plants in North America with sales expected to begin in the 2024 model year in North America.

Production of these Honda electric vehicles will combine the development expertise of both companies. The exteriors and interiors of the new EVs will be exclusively designed by Honda, and the platform will be engineered to support Honda’s driving character.

Joint pursuit of electrification
GM and Honda already have an ongoing relationship around electrification, which both companies are pursuing in this decade. This includes work on fuel cells and the Cruise Origin, an electric, self-driving and shared vehicle, which was revealed in San Francisco earlier this year. Honda also joined GM’s battery module development efforts in 2018.

2020 Honda e — *Honda e is a new EV which the company developed primarily for the European market.*

“This collaboration will put together the strength of both companies, while combined scale and manufacturing efficiencies will ultimately provide greater value to customers,” said Rick Schostek, Executive Vice-President of American Honda Motor Co. “This expanded partnership will unlock economies of scale to accelerate our electrification roadmap and advance our industry-leading efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.”

According to Doug Parks, GM Executive Vice-President of Global Product Development, Purchasing and Supply Chain, the agreement builds on a proven relationship with Honda, and further validates the technical advancements and capabilities of our Ultium batteries and our all-new EV platform.

“Importantly, it is another step on our journey to an all-electric future and delivering a profitable EV business through increased scale and capacity utilization. We have a terrific history of working closely with Honda, and this new collaboration builds on our relationship and like-minded objectives,” he said.

As part of the agreement to jointly develop electric vehicles, Honda will incorporate GM’s OnStar safety and security services into the two EVs, seamlessly integrating them with HondaLink. Additionally, Honda plans to make GM’s hands-free advanced driver-assist technology available.

Hyundai Motor Group chooses Canoo platform for future EV models

The Hyundai Motor Group (HMG) will collaborate with Canoo, a Los Angeles-based company creating electric vehicles (EVs) for subscription only, to jointly develop an EV platform based on Canoo’s proprietary skateboard design for future Hyundai and Kia models.

As part of the collaboration, Canoo will provide engineering services to help develop a fully scalable, all-electric platform to meet both Korean carmakers’ specifications. HMG expects the platform to help facilitate its commitment to delivering cost-competitive electrified vehicles — ranging from small-sized EVs to Purpose-Built Vehicles (PBV) — that can meet diverse customer needs.

Canoo’s skateboard platform houses the most critical components of the vehicle with a strong emphasis on functional integration, meaning all components fulfill as many functions as possible. This feat of engineering reduces the skateboard size, weight and total number of parts, which ultimately provides more interior cabin space and a more cost-effective EV offering. In addition, the skateboard is a self-contained unit that can support any cabin design.

HMG envisions an adaptable all-electric platform using Canoo’s scalable skateboard architecture to allow for a simplified and standardized development process for Hyundai and Kia electrified vehicles, which is expected to help reduce cost that can be passed along to consumers. It also aims to reduce complexity of its EV assembly line, allowing for rapid response to changing market demands and customer preferences.

With this collaboration, Hyundai Motor Group doubles down on its recent commitment to invest US$87 billion (about RM360.3 billion) over the next 5 years for future growth. As part of this drive, Hyundai plans to invest US$52 billion (RM215.4 billion) in future technologies through 2025, while Kia will invest US$25 billion (RM103.5 billion) in electrification and future mobility technologies, aiming for eco-friendly vehicles to comprise 25% of its total sales by 2025.

“We were highly impressed by the speed and efficiency in which Canoo developed their innovative EV architecture, making them the perfect engineering partner for us as we transition to become a frontrunner in the future mobility industry,” said Albert Biermann, Head of Research & Development, Hyundai Motor Group. “We will collaborate with Canoo engineers to develop a cost-effective Hyundai platform concept that is autonomous ready and suitable for mass adoption.”

Hyundai Kia concept EV — *Future Hyundai and Kia electrified models will sit on the Canoo skateboard.*

Canoo unveiled its first electric vehicle for subscription only in September 2019, just 19 months after the company’s founding in December 2017. The company’s proprietary skateboard architecture, which directly houses the batteries and electric drivetrain, has enabled Canoo to reimagine EV design in a way that challenges traditional automotive shape and functionality.

The company recently opened the waitlist for its first vehicle. This is a major milestone in its young history and the culmination of the efforts of 300+ experts working to deliver a proof of concept of Canoo’s backbone architectural systems. Canoo’s first vehicle, to be launched in 2021, will be designed for a world in which transportation is becoming increasingly electric, shared and autonomous.

Canoo takes a different approach to EV engineering and marketing

Honda e starts Honda’s electrification strategy in Europe

The automotive industry is changing faster than at any time in its history, with a convergence of trends and developments shaping the face of the sector beyond all recognition. Honda predicts that by 2030, the development of automobiles will be centred around electrification, automation and services. Environmental issues, such as climate change, are driving demand for cleaner mobility and accelerating the electrification of automobiles.

The new fully-electric Honda e is inspired by this 2030 prediction, engineered from the ground up to deliver a package perfect for the modern urban environment. It first appeared in concept form in 2017 as the ‘Urban EV’, followed by an almost production-ready prototype at the 2019 Geneva Motor Show.

Finally having its global debut in Frankfurt last year, the compact EV features cutting-edge technology and advanced intelligent connectivity to keep owners in sync with everyday life. The Honda e sets new technology benchmarks in the compact EV segment, with intuitive infotainment services and connected apps that seamlessly integrate with the owner’s modern lifestyle, accessed via the dual touchscreen displays, Honda Personal Assistant artificial intelligence or via the My Honda+ smartphone app.

Design-wise, the Honda e has a simple and clean modern appearance which somehow also brings to mind the original Civic. That Civic was a model of innovation in its time and the Honda e reimagines the identity of a small Honda for the next era of urban mobility.

Exemplifying such design philosophy is the Side Camera Mirror System (SCMS) that replaces conventional side view mirrors, with compact cameras that provide live images to two 6-inch screens inside the vehicle. The camera technology, a first in the compact segment, brings significant benefits for safety, aerodynamics and packaging.

The interior uses subtle, contemporary materials to create a relaxing lounge-like. The generous wheelbase allows passenger space comparable with that of cars in the segment above, with step-through access contributing to the spacious interior environment.

The Honda e also offers Single Pedal Control System to improve driving efficiency in urban environments. When activated, the system enables the driver to seamlessly accelerate, slow and stop the car using only the accelerator pedal. The Single Pedal Control System provides linear deceleration control that gives the car a more agile response. By decreasing in frequency the need to use both accelerator and brake pedals, it helps the driver feel more comfortable in stop/start congested city traffic.

The wide rear bench seat provides sofa-like seating, adding further to the ambience of a modern living space. Ceiling spot lamps above the occupants’ heads and out of direct eyesight contribute further to the comfortable and sophisticated feel, like you are switching on your living room light, and are activated by a button on the B-pillar.

The Honda e provides the most comprehensive range of driver aids in its class, addressing the demand for more safety provisions that is topping consumer expectations today. An enhanced suite of safety features sees the addition of three new safety technologies. These are Collision Mitigation Throttle Control, preventing sudden acceleration in either reverse or drive upon starting the car when there is an obstacle in the way; Low Speed Brake Function which applies emergency braking while driving at low speed, and Lead Car Departure Notification System which notifies the driver when the car in front has started moving.

Providing additional support to drivers is the Honda Parking Pilot, which continues the theme of user-focused technology. The system assists the driver in locating an appropriate space and then manoeuvring the car efficiently into it. It does this through the use of 4 cameras and 12 sonar sensors. A multi-view camera detects the white line of a parking spot, while the sensors recognise the actual parking space. The system can execute up to 5 parking patterns which covers virtually all parking scenarios.

The all-new EV-specific platform (with rear-wheel drive) has been engineered to deliver fun and effortless electric performance (154 ps/315 Nm) with exceptional driving characteristics in urban environments. The claimed acceleration time from 0 to 100 km/h is 8.3 seconds, with a 136 ps variant doing it in 9 seconds.

The 35.5 kWh lithium-ion battery pack provides a claimed range of 222 kms, and 80% of charge can be ‘refuelled’ within 30 minutes in rapid charging mode. Reinforcing the function-led design approach, the car’s advanced charging port is integrated centrally in the bonnet for ease of use from either side of the car. The lid is made of high-strength glass and operated via the key fob or My Honda+ app. LED lighting visible through the sleek cover welcomes the driver upon approach to the car, and communicates by illuminating blue when charging, or red if the charging system detects an error.

In the UK market, the Honda E with the more powerful powertrain will cost £28,660 (about RM152,000) while the lowered powered on will be around 9% cheaper. The prices are after a rebate is given as an incentive for purchases of EVs. The Nissan LEAF, which is the world’s most widely sold EV, costs around £32,500 (RM173,000) even with a rebate but it has a higher-capacity 62-kWh battery pack.

The Honda e is the start of the carmaker’s electrification offensive in Europe. Over the next 36 months, there will be all-new hybrid-only Jazz, a SUV and an additional battery electric vehicle. Honda’s new ‘e: Technology’ branding will unify all its electrified products under the same global name. Ahead of its European 2022 electrification goal, Honda will expand the application of its e:HEV dual-motor hybrid system to the entire line-up of Honda vehicles in Europe, starting with the next-generation Jazz, available from the middle of 2020.

Honda e previews connectivity features you could get tomorrow

Hybrid technology in 2020 Fiat 500 and Panda begins electrification of Italian brand

Some manufacturers believe that when a car has a small engine, say below 1.2 litres, fuel efficiency is already very good and there is no need for the added cost of a hybrid powertrain, not to mention extra weight. However, if fuel consumption can be improved further by adding an electric motor, why not?

This is how engineers at Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) see it and part of the reason why they developed FCA’s first city cars with new petrol Mild Hybrid technology. The technology combines the latest 3-cylinder FireFly 1-litre 70 bhp/92 Nm engine family with a 12-volt BSG (Belt-integrated Starter Generator) electric motor and a lithium battery pack.

Compared to the 1.2-litre 69 bhp Fire, the 77-kg Mild Hybrid version improves fuel efficiency, thus reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 30% on average, without sacrificing performance. The BSG system, allows for quiet, vibration-free restarting of the petrol engine in Stop&Start mode.

The BSG system is mounted directly on the engine and is operated by the belt that also drives the auxiliaries. The system recovers energy during braking and deceleration, stores it in the battery pack which has a capacity of 11 Ah. It can then use this energy, at a peak power of 3.6 kW, to restart the engine in Stop&Start mode and to assist it during acceleration.

Customers also benefit from all the advantages of going hybrid (the car is Euro 6D Final-compliant, for instance), which, depending on local regulations, include freedom of access and movement in European city centres, cheaper parking in town centres and tax breaks.

The first models to get the Mild Hybrid technology are the Fiat 500 and Fiat Panda, the two ‘souls’ of the Fiat brand for decades. The first, the more emotional one, is the pop, fashion and design icon. The second, the more functional, trendy one, with 5 doors. Sales will commence from February and March 2020, respectively.

Launch Editions for the first time
Furthermore, for the first time in the history of the two iconic and complementary Fiat brand models, the 500 and the Panda will be available in a special unique series: the exclusive ‘Launch Edition’. The special series can be recognized by the ‘Hybrid’ badge on the rear and the exclusive ‘H’ logo, formed by two dew drops, on the centre panel.

Dew – the symbol of the light of dawn and therefore of the beginning of a new era – has been used as inspiration for the new and exclusive ‘Dewdrop Green’ exterior finish that fits both cars like a bespoke suit, in perfect harmony with the themes of nature and innovation.

Pursuing a sustainable philosophy
On the inside, the seat upholstery is faithful to the sustainable philosophy of the entire project. The Launch Edition seats are the first in the automotive sector to be partly made with SEAQUAL YARN, the weaving of which produces a special material derived from recycled plastic. SEAQUAL YARN is produced by transforming plastics collected from the sea into flakes of polyethylene terephthalate. These flakes are then used in the yarn from which the fabrics are made.

Fiat is collaborating with SEAQUAL INITIATIVE to support ocean clean-ups to act against marine litter. The two Launch Edition models will therefore satisfy the customer who is just as attentive to aesthetics as to environmental issues, in terms of consumption and emissions.

Electrification of the brand
2020 also marks the new milestone in the history of the Fiat brand. With the launch of the new hybrid versions of the 500 and Panda, the electrification of the brand will begin, and will continue with the start of production in Turin of the new 500. This model will be 100% electric and therefore play a key role in the e-Mobility by FCA strategy.

Record-breaking results in 2019 for Volvo, thanks to its SUV models

Volvo Cars was rather late in adding a SUV to its range, with its first model – the XC90 – launched only in 2002. The reason given for the delay was that it wanted to offer a SUV only when it could address known safety issues (like the effect on a tall body on handling) and resolve them. It had a strong reputation for safety, on which the brand’s strength grew, and it was not going to lose that. The XC90 certainly proved to be a SUV with innovative safety features like Roll-Over Protection which worked to counteract the risk of tipping over during hard cornering.

Volvo XC90 2002 — Volvo’s first SUV – the XC90 – was launched in 2002 after the carmaker addressed safety issues with innovations like Roll-Over Protection that reduced the risk of the tall SUV tipping over during hard cornering.

Like the other carmakers, Volvo Cars gave increasing attention to SUVs, expanding its range as the segment grew. 17 years later, its SUVs have helped the company gain market share in China, the USA and Europe amid stagnating car markets.

More significantly, in 2019, the Swedish carmaker set a new, sixth consecutive global sales record, breaking the 700,000-unit level for the first time in its 93-year history. 705,452 Volvo vehicles were delivered worldwide last year, an increase of 9.8% compared to 2018, solidly outgrowing the overall market across all regions.

During the past few years, Volvo has also been moving towards electrification of its range. It aims for plug-in hybrid models to make up 20% of total sales this year. Overall, Volvo sold 45,933 plug-in hybrid vehicles in 2019, an increase of 22.9% compared to 2018 and more than double the number in 2017.

Illustrating the strength of its portfolio and its sales performance in 2019, Volvo surpassed the previous full-year sales record of 642,253 cars, set in 2018, nearly a full month before the end of the year. December was the company’s best ever sales month, with a 23.4% year-on-year increase to 74,239 cars sold.

Sales by markets
In China, home of Volvo’s parent company, the brand sold 154,961 cars in 2019, an increase of 18.7% compared to 2018 and comfortably outperforming the overall market. The result was an all-time record for Volvo in China and the highest sales number it has ever reached in a single market.

*Volvo Cars manufacturing plant in China*

In the USA, a market that has usually been Volvo’s strongest customer, the 100,000-unit threshold was crossed for the first time since 2007 when 108,234 vehicles were registered by December 31. Compared to 2018, the sales increase was 10.1%.

European sales were particularly strong in Germany, where the company sold more than 50,000 vehicles for the first time in its history, while it achieved its best sales result since 1990 in the UK. Other markets that recorded their best ever sales performance in the company’s history included Australia, Belgium, Brazil, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Korea, Poland and Portugal.

Sales by models
The XC60 SUV continued to be the best-selling model for the company globally, followed by the XC40 and XC90 SUVs. Sedans and stationwagons remained popular, adding to volume growth in China and Europe, respectively.

Volvo XC40 Recharge P8 — *The first Recharge model shares styling with the XC40 but is powered only by an electric motor.*

The company will introduce its Recharge line-up in markets around the globe. Recharge will be the umbrella name for all chargeable Volvos with a fully electric and plug-in hybrid powertrain. The Recharge car line aims to further boost sales of Volvo Cars’ chargeable cars and encourage plug-in hybrid drivers via incentives to use Pure mode as much as possible.

Every Volvo model already includes a Recharge option, from the XC40 SUV via the 60-Series cars to the large XC90 SUV flagship. Volvo is the only carmaker to offer a plug-in variant on every model in its line-up, with a fully-electric model – the XC40 Recharge P8 – to appear in showrooms in due course.

Volvo Cars and Geely to merge engine operations to create stand-alone business

5th generation BMW eDrive technology to debut in iX3 next year

In 202, BMW’s first purely electric Sports Activity Vehicle (SAV) – the iX3 – introduces BMW eDrive technology of the fifth generation and, starting in 2021, the technology will also be available in the i4 and the iNEXT. Production of the iX3 will commence in 2020 for the world market by the joint-venture company, BMW Brilliance Automotive, in China.

The iX3 is a further milestone in the consistent realisation of the BMW Group’s electrification strategy. In 2020, the new SAV will become the brand’s first model available both with conventional petrol and diesel engines as well as plug-in hybrid and purely electric drive. With this ‘power of choice’ offer, the company is taking into account the various different requirements and needs of their customers worldwide as well as maximum effectiveness in the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions.

The fifth-generation BMW eDrive technology is the result of consistent development work within the framework of BMW EfficientDynamics and the experience gained by the BMW Group in the field of electric mobility spanning more than 10 years. All powertrain components were developed solely by the BMW Group.

Moreover, the electric motor and the high-voltage batteries are produced in corporately owned manufacturing facilities. In this way, the BMW Group ensures it has a decisive influence on the product properties and the quality of each component. Furthermore, the drive unit and the high-voltage battery unit are flexibly scalable in terms of power and energy content and can thus be used in various different vehicle concepts and segments.

EfficientDynamics at its best
In the iX3, EfficientDynamics reaches a new level. The new technology comprises a drive unit in which electric motor, system electronics and transmission are brought together into a central housing. As a result, the required installation space of the drive technology and its weight are considerably reduced. The ratio between motor output and weight of the drive system improves around 30% compared to the previous generation.

BMW — *The iX3 will be the first model with 5th generation eDrive technology, followed by the i4 and the iNEXT in 2021.*

The electric motor installed in the iX3 delivers a maximum power output of 210 kW/286 hp. The torque of 400 Nm allows for high initial acceleration and keeps a high level even at the upper motor speeds because of exclusive BMW design measures. A further special feature of the electric motor being deployed in the iX3 for the first time is a construction method that eliminates the need for rare earth materials.

The electric motor transfers power to the rear wheels. This enables a further increase in drive system efficiency. Moreover, the range of the BMW iX3 benefits from the drive design conveying the traditional BMW rear-wheel drive experience.

BMW electrified models — *BMW’s electrified models in 2019*

Batteries with significant higher energy density
The high-voltage battery unit is based on the latest evolution in NMC-811 technology in BMW typical prismatic design. The BMW Group has outstanding development capabilities in this field. This know-how flows into precise specifications with regard to the use of materials and battery design, according to which the battery cells are produced. Consistent R&D work not only raises energy density but also constantly improves all battery cell characteristics, in particular also durability and safety.

Greater range because of high efficiency
With a net energy content of 74 kWh, the high-voltage battery pack achieves a range of more than 440 kms in the legislative WLTP test cycle. Within its segment, the iX3 boasts not only a unique low power consumption of less than 20 kWh/100 kms (accordingly to the WLTP test cycle) but also stands for a novel ratio between battery size and range.

Thanks to the favourable efficiency rating of the drive components and the high energy density of the high-voltage battery unit, the iX3 achieves a range that is only possible for common electric vehicles with larger and thus heavier batteries.

BMW reveals details of all-electric i4 sedan to go on sale in 2021

Four generations of hybrid power and still moving forward with technology

Throughout the 1980s, Toyota’s engineers worked hard to develop a hybrid system which could be commercialised and used in mass production. They succeeded by the end of the decade and the carmaker introduced its first model with a hybrid electric powertrain – the Prius. Since then, Toyota has continued to make ever better hybrid powertrains as new technology has been developed and more importantly, battery technology has also made much progress.

The hybrid concept is an ingenious marriage of an internal combustion engine and an electric motor. Their performance – in unison or individually – is governed automatically and seamlessly by an intelligent system that draws power from the appropriate source to maximise efficiency, or performance.

Electric power is generated by the engine while the car is being driven and is also converted from the kinetic energy produced when braking or slowing down. Power is stored in a high-voltage battery pack that needs no ‘plug-in’ recharging.

It started with the RX 400h
Lexus, Toyota’s premium luxury brand, has also been collaborating in the development of hybrid powertrains, apart from drawing on the development work done by Toyota. Years of R&D culminated in the RX 400h, the first self-charging hybrid Lexus and world’s first luxury hybrid vehicle, launched in 2005. On the outside, it looked little different from the familiar RX 300 SUV but, under the skin, things were very different. Yes, there was a 3.3-litre petrol V6 engine under the bonnet, but this was just one element in the all-new self-charging hybrid electric system.

The development of the Lexus Hybrid Drive brought ‘full’ hybrid technology to motorists. It meant the vehicle could run on electric power alone, with zero emissions and fuel consumption. Initially, this was limited to low-speeds and relatively short distances due to limitations in technology, especially battery capacity. But as the technology was developed, the capability increased significantly. Today, Lexus hybrids can travel up to 50% of the time in congested urban environments without the petrol engine running.

The second generation
The second generation of the Lexus Hybrid Drive showed significant progress. Not surprisingly, it was first offered in the brand’s new flagship sedan, the LS 600h, in 2007. As the first hybrid system to feature a V8 engine – a 5.0-litre unit, the most technically advanced Lexus had yet built – it delivered the kind of power and performance typically associated with a V12. The system delivered 445 bhp and 520 Nm of torque, giving acceleration from standstill to 100 km/h in just 6.3 seconds.

When it came to emissions and fuel economy, the LS 600h also broke new ground in its class. It could achieve official combined cycle fuel economy of 10.8 kms/litre and its comparatively low emissions earned it SULEV (Super Ultra Low Emission Vehicle) status in the USA.

A sportier dimension
A sportier aspect of hybrid power was also seen in the GS 450h sports sedan. A 2-stage motor speed reduction planetary gear was used in both the GS and LS models but for the LS 600h, the hybrid transmission was upgraded. The nickel-metal hydride battery produced 280V, but a boost converter could ramp this up to 650V.

The GS 450h and the RX 450h, which superceded the original RX 400h in 2009, were equipped with a new 3.5-litre V6 engine. Thanks to the use of an electronically-controlled power split device, the transmission operated like a continuously variable transmission (CVT) but with the benefit – for the first time in a hybrid – of a manual shift mode and AI-Shift that used artificial intelligence to adapt performance to the driver’s style and the driving conditions.

More efficient, more responsive
The third generation of Lexus Hybrid Drive made advances both in efficiency and responsiveness. The revised system was first seen in the IS 300h, the first IS to feature hybrid power, which entered the market in 2013.

Central to the improved performance was a new 2.5-litre Atkinson cycle petrol engine, equipped with D-4S direct fuel injection, Dual VVT-i intelligent variable valve-timing and a high-efficiency exhaust gas recirculation system. Combined with the hybrid transaxle, this gave class-leading, sub-100 g/km CO2 emissions and fuel economy from 23.3 kms/litre.

With further refinements, this system was also adopted for the Lexus NX, the company’s first midsize crossover, and the RC 300h coupe, both of which joined the range in 2014.

The Multi-Stage Hybrid System
While the styling of the LC Coupe has earned it high praise and awards, the LC also marked a new era in hybrid electric technology. The breakthrough was the Multi-Stage Hybrid System, a new transmission device that retains the hybrid’s efficiency, but which takes the driving experience to a higher level.

The LC 500h is equipped with a 3.5-litre V6 engine that revs all the way to 6600 rpm, and benefits from detailed engineering features to promote both performance and efficiency. The Multi-Stage Hybrid System allows its potential to be exploited to the maximum by amplifying the output of both the engine and the electric motor. In this way, performance can be optimised at all engine speeds.

For the driver the rewards are more responsive and direct acceleration, greater dynamic performance and all-round driving pleasure – the ‘even sharper’ character that Lexus sought to achieve. With total system output of 359 bhp and 0 to 100 km/h acceleration in a claimed 5 seconds, the new powertrain fully justifies its place in a performance model, yet can go up to 12.3 kms/litre. Since its introduction in the LC, the Multi-Stage System has also been used in the LS 500h.

Aiming higher with fourth generation
Today, Lexus is leveraging its technology leadership with a fourth generation of Lexus Hybrid Drive that achieves even better fuel efficiency, responsive emissions and low emissions. Featured in the new ES 300h sedan and UX 250h compact crossover launched in early 2019, it combines the benefits of an all-new, ultra-efficient Atkinson cycle engine with a new electric motor that’s lighter, more compact and more power dense.

No effort was spared in this powertrain’s development, with 60 prototypes built and more than 10 million kilometres of road testing carried out. The result is the most thermally efficient engine yet to be installed in a production vehicle – rated at 41%. This means more of the power potential of every drop of fuel is captured to drive the wheels. This has been achieved with fast-burn combustion technology that ensures more power is gained without increasing emissions or fuel consumption.

Proven, robust and reliable technology
Lexus hybrids proved themselves to be intrinsically quiet, smooth and refined and, as the years passed, they also demonstrated exceptional reliability. This is not a fragile technology, but a robust and highly durable solution.

Within 15 years, Lexus has made the hybrid concept central to its brand, extending its reach from a single model in 2005 to a range of up to 10 vehicles in some regions today, covering many different bodystyles and performance levels. Worldwide, cumulative hybrid sales have passed 1.6 million units, while in Western Europe hybrids now account for 99% of all the new Lexus vehicles sold in the region.

To know more about Lexus models available in Malaysia, visit www.lexus.com.my,

Lexus goes fully electric with the UX300e

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